Golper et al. Arteriovenous fistula creation may slow estimated glomerular filtration rate trajectory.
(Nephrol Dial Transplant 2015; 30: 2014–2018.)
鄭集鴻理事長有一天在協會的line group貼文,提到這文章,細看之下,真是有趣的論點,也許將來有機會成為腎臟科的新理論。
NDT中由以下專欄文章來評論這文章,內文所附的圖,可以概括整個理論基礎。
In Focus
Arteriovenous fistula as a nephroprotective intervention in advanced CKD: scientific discovery and explanation, and the evaluation of interventions (Nephrol Dial Transplant 2015; 30: 1939–1941)
1990's 心臟科的劃時代理論:Ischemic Pre-Conditioning
The concept of ischaemic pre-conditioning is relatively new,dating back to the early 1990s. In November 1991, Karyn Przyklenk and colleagues presented data, at the 64th Scientific Sessions of the American Heart Association, showing that
‘…brief ischaemia in one vascular bed also protects remote, virgin myocardium from subsequent sustained coronary artery occlusion… (and that) this effect may be mediated by factor (s) activated, produced, or transported throughout the heart during brief ischemia/reperfusion …’.
1) Ischemic Pre-Conditioning:藉由製造遠端缺血的現象(AVF),身體內會生成一些物質,可以造成心臟存活細胞維持其冠狀動脈血流。相同的,在腎臟也可能有這種好處效果。
2) Femoral Arteriovenous Communication:在resistant HTN患者可以降低患者的動脈壓
在過去的研究,甚至AMI患者在住院前持續的藉由量手臂血壓,這種短暫造成手臂缺血的現象,也可以增加心肌存活。
從機械結構理論,開了一個AVF,就是造成體內有一個low resistance, high-compliance venous compartment,這對長期高血壓,血管硬化的患者是有血降壓效果的。除了這個之外,因為AVF會增加靜脈回流,造成pulmonary HTN,因而增加了肺部灌流區,而增加了動脈含氧量,可以送到末稍器官,例如腎臟。減輕了腎臟血流在CKD時因長期vasoconstriction,而造成sympathetic overactivity,也改善了renal underperfusion,因而延緩CKD progression。
雖然這文章仍有6大limitations,然而評論者說,30年前,我們腎臟界目前的主流論點,angiotensin conversion enzyme inhibitors可以保護腎臟,也是從只有 9個病人開始發表在NEJM上的( just nine patients, uncontrolled study by Yoshio Taguma published in the New England
Journal of Medicine in 1985),英雄不怕出身低,讓我們繼續看下去,AVF到底可不可以保護腎臟?
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