即將出刊的Circulation. 2016;134:00–00.August 9, 2016，
AHA Scientific Statement
Drugs That May Cause or Exacerbate Heart Failure
A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association
長長的列出一大串藥物，可以造成或是惡化心衰竭，排在最前面的就是NSAID (major)或是COX-2 inhibitors (major)，另外還有糖尿病藥，Saxagliptin/Sitagliptin (major)，還有metformin/TZD藥物等。還有患者PAOD常用的Cilostazol (major, evidence: A)，或是心律不整藥(Diltiazem/Verapamil)。
藥物副作用機轉：Drugs may cause or exacerbate HF by causing direct myocardial toxicity; by negative inotropic, lusitropic, or chronotropic effects; by exacerbating hypertension; by delivering a high sodium load; or by drug-drug interactions that limit the beneficial effects of HF medications.
洗腎患者因多重疾病，常用了許多藥物(polypharmacy)，因此這份藥物清單，可以給我們仔細看一下，患者到底用了幾種？有沒有機會可以停用？
http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/circulationaha/early/2016/07/11/CIR.0000000000000426.full.pdf
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