穀類食物和心血管疾病死亡率關係

Associations of cereal grains intake with cardiovascular disease and mortality across 21 countries in Prospective Urban and Rural Epidemiology study: prospective cohort study

BMJ 2021; 372 doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.m4948 (Published 03 February 2021)

結論：
High intake of refined grains was associated with higher risk of mortality and major cardiovascular
disease events. Globally, lower consumption of refined grains should be considered.

No significant associations were found between intakes of whole grains or white rice and health outcomes.

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看起來要少食低纖類穀物才能減少心血管疾病，但是白米和全穀類相比則無差異。

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We defined refined grains as wheat grain products or flours that have been modified to remove the bran (麥麩) (the aleurone layer) and germ and therefore have a low fibre content. Products in this category are made with refined (white) flour, including white bread, pasta/noodles, breakfast cereals, crackers, and bakery products/desserts containing refined grains. For bakery products and desserts, we counted only the proportion of refined grains. Ready to eat breakfast made from corn was also included in this group.

The whole grains group contained two types of grains. The first was whole grain flours such as those
made from wheat, rye, triticale, oats, barley, maize, finger and pearl millet, sorghum, or buckwheat.