超級加工食品(Ultra-processed Food)增加糖尿病機會

什麼是超級加工食品(Ultra-processed Food)?

https://www.bbc.co.uk/food/articles/what_is_ultra-processed_food
Ultra-processed foods就是內含你平日在家煮時，不會加入的添加物。例如： colourings, sweeteners and preservatives. 在英國，最常見的ultra-processed食物是：

Industrialised bread (11 %)
Pre-packaged meals (7.7 %)
Breakfast cereals (4.4 %)
Sausages and other reconstituted meat products (3.8 %)

以下的例子說明，同樣的食材，多一點添加物（包括糖）就成了ultra-processed foods：
1. Bread made from wheat flour, water, salt and yeast is processed, but add emulsifiers or colourings and it becomes ultra-processed.

2. Plain oats, corn flakes and shredded wheat are minimally processed, but when the manufacturer adds sugar, flavourings or colourings, they become ultra-processed breakfast cereals.

3. Plain yoghurt is minimally processed, but add sweeteners, preservatives, stabilisers or colourings and it becomes ultra-processed.


Original Investigation
Ultraprocessed Food Consumption and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Among Participants of the NutriNet-Santé Prospective Cohort

JAMA Intern Med. Published online December 16, 2019. doi:https://doi.org/10.1001/jamainternmed.2019.5942

- Over 100,000 French adults
- 24-hour dietary recall questionnaires
- median follow-up of 6 years
- 820 participants were diagnosed with T2DM
- The risk of T2DM increased by 13% with each 10% increase in the proportion of diet comprising ultraprocessed foods.

- The authors note that in previous studies, ultraprocessed foods have been linked to increased risks for cancer, cardiovascular disease, and mortality.

結論：減少食物中添加劑，包括糖、色素、香料或是保存劑，才能不變成ultra-processed food，才不會落入T2DM。